[5] In 1991, the Tirunelveli region ranked second in the number of women workers. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tirunelveli District. Chittar River: The main river originates from the Courtallam Hills of the Shencottah taluk and Tenkasi taluk in the district of Tirunelveli. Since the economy of the district is primarily based on agriculture, flooding of the Tamarabarani River or a fluctuation in monsoon rain has an immediate impact on the local economy. Tirunelveli was the subsidiary capital of the Madurai Nayaks;[11] under Viswanatha Nayak (1529–64), the city was rebuilt about 1560. It is an ancient and reputed Vishnu temple. The Jesuit 'St. Name. [73], The nearest airport to Tirunelveli is Tuticorin Airport (TCR) at Vaagaikulam in Thoothukkudi District, 22 km (14 mi) east of the city, which offers daily flights to Chennai and Bangalore. [14] Nayak rule ended in 1736. The city is part of the Tirunelveli assembly constituency, electing a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly every five years. [76] The Nataraja shrine in the temple represents copper, and features many copper sculptures. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available. -They believed that American Indians from the territory would soon attack the United States. It is a twin town - Thirunelveli and Palayamkottai. Tirunelveli is located 700 km (430 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai, 58 km (36 mi) away from Thoothukudi and 73 km (45 mi) from Kanyakumari. The old Tamil name of the river is Porunai. [38] Beedi production during the 1990s earned an annual revenue of ₹190 billion and a foreign exchange of ₹8 billion across the three districts of Tirunelveli, Tiruchirapalli and Vellore. The region is believed to have been covered with Venu forest and hence called Venuvanam. 765 km. The downtown is located on the west bank of the Thamirabarani River; its twin Palayamkottai is on the east bank. The average annual rainfall is 680 millimetres (27 in). Vaigai River [74] The temple has several festivals, the foremost an annual festival when the temple chariot is brought around the streets near the temple. [35] Food-processing industries have developed since the late 1990s; at the district level, it is the foremost industria l segment. Tirunelveli is an ancient city, and is more than 2,000 years old. The line from Tirunelveli to Sengottai was opened in 1903; the connection to Quilon, which was completed later, was the most important trade route to Travancore province in British India. [14], The climate of Tirunelveli is generally hot and humid. The city is considered as one of the oldest city in Indian subcontinent around 3,000 years old located on the west bank of the perennial Thamirabarani River in the state of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. [3] Swami Nellaiappar temple inscriptions say that Shiva (as Vrihivriteswara) descended in the form of a hedge and roof to save the paddy crop of a devotee. Tirunelveli has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh) bordering on the relatively rare dry-summer tropical savanna climate (Köppen: As), scattered irregularly across the world but is relatively common in areas near the Laccadive Sea. The history of Tirunelveli was researched by Robert Caldwell (1814–91), a Christian missionary who visited the area. The temple was greatly expanded during the 16th-century Nayak period and has a number of architectural attractions, including musical pillars. Tirunelveli city is located on the west bank of the perennial river, Thamirabarani, whereas Palayamkottai is located on the right bank; for this reason, they are referred to as the "twin cities". [49] The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson, assisted by a deputy. Tirunelveli is well-connected by road and rail with the rest of Tamil Nadu and India. In Tirunelveli. 4. [26], According to provisional data from the 2011 census the Tirunelveli urban agglomeration had a population of 498,984, with 246,710 males and 252,274 females. The Manonmaniam Sundaranar University is named for poet Manonmaniam Sundaranar, who wrote "Tamil Thai Vazhthu" the state anthem. [45], Tirunelveli is a part of the Tirunelveli Lok Sabha constituency, with ten assembly constituencies: Tirunelveli, Vasudevanallur (SC), Sankarankoil (SC), Kadayanallur, Nanguneri, Ambasamudram, Tenkasi, Alangulam, Radhapuram and Palayamkottai. Tirunelveli has a number of historical monuments, the Swami Nellaiappar Temple being the most prominent. The name came about as a result of some inscriptions, which tell the story of Lord Shiva, who descended in the form of a roof and a … [93] The city has a District Science Centre (a satellite unit of Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum, Bangalore) with permanent exhibitions, science shows, interactive self-guided tours, a mini-planetarium and sky observation. [11] The Pandya dynasty in the region dates to several centuries before the Christian era from inscriptions by Ashoka (304–232 BCE) and mention in the Mahavamsa, the Brihat-Samhita and the writings of Megasthenes (350–290 CE). Compare the technology used in:Subsistence farming with commercial farming.Subsistence farmingCommercial farming​, Select all the correct answers. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 13.17% and 0.32% of the population respectively. The agricultural areas, hand-woven clothes and household industries contribute to the economic growth of the city. In tirunelveli which river was best river? It is the sixth-largest municipal corporation in the state after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem. Kaveri River. [32] The chief exports during British rule were cotton, jaggery, chillies, tobacco, palmyra fibre, salt, dried saltwater fish and cattle. It is described as a microcosm of the state. The average literacy of the city was 81.49%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. Thamiraparani River is located in Thirunelveli - (Greater Thirunelveli). [40] In June 2007 the Tata Group signed a memorandum of understanding with the state government to open a titanium dioxide plant, with an estimated value of ₹25 billion, in Tirunelveli District and Thoothukudi District. 125 km. The deity is revered in the verses of Tevaram, a seventh-century Saiva work by Sambandar. The Maravars occupied the western foothills and the Telugas, and the Kannadigas settled in the black-soil-rich eastern portion. [21] The most common tree is the palmyra palm, a raw material in cottage industries. The area around the Tamirabarani River and the Chittar has five streams: Kodagan, Palayan, Tirunelveli, Marudur East and Marudur West, and the Chittar feeds fifteen other channels. [54], Law and Order of the city is maintained by the Tirunelveli City division of the Tamil Nadu Police, headed by a commissioner. Records of sea and overland trade between 1700 and 1850 indicate close trading connections with Sri Lanka and Kerala. [25] The city had a total of 120,466 households. ‘Thiru – Nel – Veli’ meaning Sacred Paddy Hedge. Get Tirunelveli River Map, showing all rivers flowing in district from start to end location also see the places situated at bank of rivers. [89] Most Christian schools and colleges in the city are located in the Palayamkottai area.[38]. Tirunelveli pronunciation , also known as Nellai and historically (during British rule ) as Tinnevelly, is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Tirunelveli is also often called the "Halwa City" for its very famous sweet Halwa. The nearest domestic airport is Thoothukudi Airport. [106] The city has a Passport Seva Kendra, a public-private-sector collaboration, which accepts passport applications from the Tirunelveli region for the passport office in Madurai. [68], Tirunelveli has an extensive transport network and is well-connected to other major cities by road, rail and air. The buildings and monuments in Tirunelveli are astonishing. Agastya Mala. Palar River. 3. Gadananathi River or Karunai river dam Village in Tirunelveli A landscape scenery featuring paddy fields after harvest, in the foreground, with the Podhigai hills as backdrop. A total of 42,756 of the city's population was under age six. [15] The polygars built forts in the hills, had 30,000 troops and waged war among themselves. The Nellaiappar temple was the royal shrine of the later Pandyas during the 13th and 14th centuries, and the city benefited from dams constructed with royal patronage during the period. Connecting City . After acquiring Tirunelveli from the Nawab of Arcot in 1801, the British anglicised its name to "Tinnevelly" and made it the headquarters of Tinnelvelli District. The river (with its tributaries, such as the Chittar) is the major source of irrigation, and is fed by the northeast and southwest monsoons. [88], Tirunelveli city has 80 schools: 29 higher secondary schools, 12 high schools, 22 middle schools and 17 primary schools; the city corporation operates 33 of these schools. [22], According to 2011 census, Tirunelveli had a population of 473,637 with a sex-ratio of 1,027 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. The original power lay in the hands of the polygars, who were originally military chiefs of the Nayaks. Villages in Vikramasingapuram Block East Kottaram Police Quarters It is a hub of many schools, colleges and many important government offices. [8][9][10] Tirunelveli was under the rule of Pandya kings as their secondary capital; Madurai was the empire's primary capital. Tirunelveli had a literacy rate of 91 percent, with male literacy 95 percent and female literacy 87 percent. [2] Tirunelveli was known in Sambandar's seventh-century Saiva canonical work Tevaram as Thirunelveli. The city of Tirunelveli is the district headquarters. [29][30], Inscriptions from the eighth to the 14th centuries (during the rule of the Pandyas, Cholas and later Tenkasi Pandyas) indicate the growth of Tirunelveli as a centre of economic growth which developed around the Nellaiappar temple. Tirunelveli is famous for a sweet called, 'halwa'. Tirunelveli is also known as Nellai. The Polygar War, involving Palaiyakkarars led by Veerapandiya Kattabomman and forces of the British East India Company, was waged on the city's outskirts from 1797 to 1801. The Tamirabarani River divides the city into the Tirunelveli quarter and the Palayamkottai area. [28], The city covers an area of 108.65 square kilometres (41.95 sq mi). It was called the Tamraparni River in the pre-classical period, a name it lent to the island of Sri Lanka. [99][100], About 100 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from the city daily in door-to-door collection; source segregation and disposal is performed by the sanitary department of the Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation. The primary crops grown in the region are paddy and cotton. The city covers an area of 189.9 km2 (73.3 sq mi), and had a population of 473,637 in 2011 excluding some Municipal corporation region then.The total population after expansion is 968,984. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres", "Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Tirunelveli (T.N)", "List of cities where BSNL broadband service is available (As on 01.01.2007)", "List of cities where Calling Line Identification (CLI) Based Internet Service is available", "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration", "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Tirunelveli", "Visvesvaraya Industrial & Technological Museum Bangalore India: Satellite Units", "Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha", "Economic and political weekly, Volume 30", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirunelveli&oldid=1000780530, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Tirunelvelian, Tirunelveli Karan, Nellaian, and Nellaikaran, TN-72(City Area), TN-72A(Valliyur Region), TN-76A(Ambasamudram Region), This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 17:57. After independence both cities reverted to their original names, and Tirunelveli remained the capital of Tirunelveli district. It is the sixth-largest municipal corporation in the state after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem. Tirunelveli was a strategic point, connecting the eastern and western parts of the peninsula, as well as a trading centre. In 1755, the British government sent a mission under Major Heron and Mahfuz Khan which restored some order and bestowed the city to Mahfuz Khan. [98] A chief distribution engineer is stationed at regional headquarters. It lies along the Tambraparni River slightly upstream from the town of Palayankottai, with which it is now merged administratively. The region was captured by the subjects of the Mughal Empire such as Chanda Sahib (1740–1754) who declared himself "Nawab of Tinnevelly" as well as the Nawab of the Carnatic. A literacy rate of 91 percent, with Cheemai meaning `` a developed town. 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